Thus there is a blockade of spinal nerve roots. The resulting protein film protects cells of the mucous membrane and sensory nerve endings of action of various irritants. Due to the high toxicity tetracaine is used mainly for surface anesthesia: anesthesia of the mucous membranes eyes (0.3%), nasal and nasopharyngeal (12%). In case of overdose, even if local application of tetracaine can be absorbed through the mucous membranes and to resorptive toxic action. Toxic effects. When the surface anesthesia using 2-4% solutions in infiltration anesthesia - 0,250,5% solutions, with wires and epidural anesthesia - 1-2% solution. When that develops central nervous system arousal, which in severe cases, it is replaced by paralysis and death occurs from respiratory paralysis center. The most valuable property of local anesthetics is their ability to block pain receptors and sensory nerve fibers. In this context they are used for local anesthesia (local anesthesia), in particular, surgery. Side effects of local anesthetics. Tablets of activated charcoal was appointed interior with flatulence for 12 tablets 3-4 times a congenerical . Procaine solutions used for infiltration (0,25-0,5%), wiring and epidural (12%) anesthesia. Solutions of cocaine are sometimes used for surface anesthesia. Tetracaine (dicaine) - active and toxic anesthetic. For various types of local anesthesia may be absorbed anesthetics, and manifested their resorptive effect. Trimecaine on Chemical structure to the application and concentration of the solutions is similar to lidocaine. To reduce the absorption and lengthening of the local anesthetic solution was added to their vasoconstrictor substances (adrenaline, etc.). For surface, infiltration and conduction anesthesia is used prilocaine, mepivacaine Large Bowel Obstruction dental). By means of an organic binder include tannin, oak bark decoction, infusion of sage leaves, chamomile flowers, herbs St John's wort, bilberry fruit, etc. As well as for conduction anesthesia, infiltration anesthesia to be used toxic anesthetics, since they can enter the bloodstream and provide resorptive. For infiltration anesthesia using 0.25% solution for conduction anesthesia - 0,25-0,35% solution for epidural Anesthesia - 0,50,75% solutions, and for subarachnoid anesthesia - 0,5% solution. Currently, however, cocaine is largely superseded by more active and less toxic anesthetics. This leads to congenerical of the noradrenergic excitation transfer. Epidural anesthesia is used in operations on the lower extremities, pelvic organs. Rapid Plasma Reagin Test anesthesia (regional anesthesia). Infiltration anesthesia. In connection with this use benzocaine exclusively for surface anesthesia in ointments, pastes, powder (for example, for skin diseases accompanied severe itching) congenerical rectal suppositories (in lesions of the rectum), as well as inside of powders with pains in the stomach, vomiting. To reduce the absorption of tetracaine solution was added to his adrenaline. Local anesthetics depress myocardial contractility, dilate the blood vessels (Direct action associated with the blockade № + channels, as well as the depressant effect on sympathetic innervation), and reduce blood pressure. By systematically taking cocaine in humans, a congenerical need to re- use of the drug, since the withdrawal of cocaine there is a feeling of Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding weakness; mood is sharply reduced, ie developing drug dependence (cocainism). Peripheral actions of cocaine appear activation influences sympathetic (adrenergic) innervation: increased frequency and strength of contractions of the heart, constrict blood vessels, increased blood pressure. There is a «saturation» (infiltrirovanie) tissue with a solution anesthetic. Because of the blockade of sympathetic fibers under subarachnoid anesthesia may be reduced blood pressure; to prevent arterial hypotension administered ephedrine. Tannin is sometimes used when poisoning alkaloids heavy metal salts, which form soluble congenerical unstable compound. When dermal ethyl chloride evaporates quickly, there is a cooling of tissues and lost sensitivity. When applying anesthetic to the mucosa, it loses its sensitivity, so as an anesthetic blocks the sensory nerve endings (terminals) congenerical the mucosa. Astringents for application to inflamed mucous membranes caused the seal (clotting) proteins mucus. Warning Suction anesthetics not only reduces their toxicity, but also extends their effect. Bupivacaine - one of the most active and long-acting local anesthetics.
